Te Pipiwharauroa 171
No. 171
1/8/12
[1] Te Pipiwharauroa, He Kupu Whakamarama, Number 171, Gisborne, August, 1912.
‘As clouds deck the heavens, so feathers enable the bird to fly.’ [cf. Nga Pepeha 352 but also He Konae Aronui p.13]
‘Kui! Kui! Whitiwhitiora.’ (The cry of the shining cuckoo.)
GENERAL BOOTH
The Head of the Salvationist Church.
On 21st of this month we were informed that the head of the Salvation Army, General Booth, had died. Booth was a great man. Some say that he was the greatest man in the world for many years. He was 82 when he died. He had been ill for a long time and it was not known whether he was alive or had died. When he regained consciousness he called his son and said, ‘God is faithful in his provision, always faithful, if only a person believes in their heart.’ Having said these words he lay back and entered upon the long sleep.
He suffered most through his eyes being operated on by the doctors. According to his secretary, because the doctors had not done the job well he was sad at heart and went downhill and died. His son received telegrams from the kings and the Governments of all nations lamenting the death of his father.
General Booth's parents were not people who knew what it was to be saved. From when he was small he observed the situation of the English poor. When he turned to the faith he became aware of the dreadful situation of the poor: it was not only that they lacked this world’s goods but they were without the things of the Spirit. From childhood until he was 15 the Church of England was his Church. Afterwards he went to the Wesleyan Church. When he was there he opened his heart to the faith. At that time he began going to preach to the poor. He said that he didn’t deliver sermons but talked to them about what God was like. From then on he adopted that style of preaching, speaking heart to heart. He was not concerned as to whether he spoke the right words or how he spoke. His style was to converse. When he was 25 he was ordained as a Wesleyan minister. He was four years in that post. During those years he realised that in that position he was not going to be able to do the work he really wanted to do which was to preach to the poor in the way he wanted. He asked the management Committee of the Church to set him apart for that special work only, to be done according to his plan. He was not given permission. That was the end of his work as a minister and he went to do what he believed in his heart was the task he had been called to by God. From that time up to the present he did not spare his body as he did his work. When he eventually died it was not possible to count the number of people who had believed in God through his work, and he leaves behind 22,000 officers to do his work. He had been married to his wife for 55 years. That woman shared his heartfelt concerns and they were both powerful preachers. That woman is called the ‘Mother of the Salvation Army.’ They had three children, one boy and two girls. All became preachers in their parents’ organisation. [2] One of the girls has died. One is in America and she is the Head of the Salvationists in that country. The son now follows his father as General of the Salvationists. It is 22 years since General Booth designated his son to take his place. He put the name of his son in some boxes which he sent to the heads of his organisation in every land saying that in those boxes was the name of the man to be appointed after him. If he died those boxes were to be opened. When he died they were opened and it was discovered that his son was the new General. General Booth visited all parts of the world to preach the Gospel. He came to New Zealand four times, the first time in 1891 and the last time in 1905. He was a wonderful man. The source of his power was his firm faith in the grace of God and his love for people. He saw his calling as, ‘At all times and in every place I fight to bring the souls of men to God.’ We see at this time the fulfilment of that saying.
THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND.
The Coming of the Saxons.
At the beginning of the 5th century after the birth of Christ the Romans left England. It is important that we understand the reason for this return of the Romans to their own country. We told above how, in 43 AD, Claudius Caesar and his 800 ships arrived to invade England. He established himself as ruler over England and England remained a Roman colony for 300 years. Rome was the supreme power in the world then and ruled not only England but many other countries as well. Its practice was to take over a new country and to send one of its Generals with a host of supporters to protect that country. Since there were many countries under its rule a huge number of soldiers left their Roman base and went to protect its colonies abroad. While Rome retained its capability, it engaged in suppressing the peoples of the lands it had colonised. The longer Rome was in this position the more its strength declined and it could not maintain its position by warfare. At this time the many peoples of lands close to Rome were beginning to move. Eventually, although it tried to defeat these peoples and keep them outside its borders, it realised that in the long run it was not going to be able to. A decision was made then to abandon the distant colonies and to bring back the Generals and their soldiers to protect their home. This is why the Romans left England.
Now, it was said above that for 300 years England lived under the shadow of Rome. The Britons were formerly a warrior people but because they had lived under Rome for so long they had lost their skills with weapons. Like Maori today who have lived quietly under English rule for a long time and have lost the skills in the use of weapons that the ancestors had, the Britons were weak in the same way. When the peoples from the wilderness of Scotland rose up to fight the Britons, the Britons were defeated. The Britons realised that they were unable to fight their enemies from the wilderness in their own strength and they asked the Saxons to come and help them. The Saxons were a warrior people from inland Europe, from the places that are now known as Germany. They came to help the Britons. When they saw how good the land was and the weakness of the Britons they settled there and set about attacking the Britons and taking the land. The fighting went on for a long time and the Saxons took control of the whole land. The remnant of the Britons fled to mountainous and wooded places – to Wales and Cornwall. The faith disappeared from England and was taken to the wild places to which the remnant fled. The Saxons were not believers, therefore when they took over the lands the faith disappeared. They set about destroying the faith, killing the people and burning down the churches.
The Second Proclaimers of the Faith – the Faith of Ireland.
The faith spread to Ireland from England. The man famed for first preaching the faith to that land was Patrick who came from the South of England. This man is celebrated by the Irish and is called Saint Patrick. He is remembered by the Irish on 17th March. He went to preach to the Irish soon after the arrival of the Saxons in England. Before Patrick died the whole of Ireland had converted to the faith.
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He set up many schools in Ireland to teach the people the truths of the faith. Some years after his death faith in Ireland declined and another man from England (actually from Wales) called Finian went to Ireland. He truly established and strengthened the faith in Ireland. Finian knew how to teach and his fame spread from Ireland to England and even to Europe so that noble children came from those places to Ireland to be taught by him.
Columba
The most famous of the students of Finian was Columba, a noble man from Ireland. There were no printing presses in those days such as we have now; for a man to get a book meant much work. Columba set about writing a book for himself, a copy of Finian’s. It was a huge task and took a long time to complete. When it was finished Finian said that the two books were his. Columba was angry and took their dispute to the king for judgement. The king found in favour of Finian: he said, ‘The person who owns the cow, owns the calf too.’ Columba started a battle following this judgement and his side was defeated. His punishment for starting this fight was that he was thrown out of Ireland and he was sent to preach the Gospel to the barbarians and to bring as many of them to the faith as had been killed in his dispute. Columba and his ten companions sailed in a boat and settled on Iona, an island off the west coast of Scotland. He arrived on that island in 564. He built himself a church there and a school. Columba and his friends went from there to all parts of Scotland. By the time Columba died all of Scotland had turned to the faith and his church on Iona was a sacred shrine to which the kings of Scotland went to be crowned. For many years after his death Columba’s church remained the coronation place of the kings. The coronation seat of the kings was a rock and that rock is under the coronation throne of the kings of England now.
The Coming of Augustine. The English Slaves in Rome.
With the above stories we end our story of this period in the life of the Ancient English Church. We have given the name Celtic to that Church because that was the name of the ancient peoples of England, Scotland and Ireland. The section of the Celts in England were known as Britons in those days, and England was known by that name and still uses it now. With the arrival of the Saxons from mainland Europe the Celts and their faith were driven out of the land. The name Saxons encompassed three separate peoples. There were the Saxons who settled in the South of England, the part around London. The Jutes settled in Kent, also in the South, but to the East of the Saxons. The Angles settled in the North; this tribe had most of the land. From the Angle tribe we get the name English and also England; the language has evolved into the forms English and England. The Angles and Saxons were the largest tribes and all people speaking the English language are known as Anglo-Saxons.
After the Saxons had been in England for a long time some Angle children were taken to Rome as slaves. One famous Roman at that time was Gregory; later he became Pope for Rome. When he was going through the market place he saw the children standing there on sale. He asked where the children came from. He was told that they were from Briton and were Angles. Gregory responded that that was true for they had Angel faces. He had the idea of going to preach to the Gospel in Briton but he could not go because he was needed at home. Twenty years later when he was installed as Pope he sent a party of men to preach the Gospel there and he chose Augustine to lead them.
The Roman Preachers.
In 597 Augustine and his party of forty arrived in England. The King of Kent was married to the daughter of the King of Paris. That woman and her father were both Christians. When she arrived in Kent the King agreed to bring a minister for her. This is why Augustine went to Kent. He told the King the reason for his coming and it was agreed that he should live in Kent and preach there. The King presented the Queen’s church to Augustine. Before Augustine and his friends had been at work for a year, the King and his tribe had turned to the faith. On the eve
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of Pentecost Sunday the King and some of the tribe were baptised. At that time also Columba died, he who had been the missionary to the North and who lived at Iona. But when he died the news of his holiness had reached all places and all of Scotland and its islands had turned to the faith. After the conversion of the King, Augustine crossed to Gaul to be consecrated as Bishop, for Gregory had appointed him to be Archbishop for the English. It is said that, on Christmas Day, Augustine baptised 10,000 people. The King gave him some land and also a house to live in at Canterbury. He built there a large church and a monastery. That monastery still bears the name of Saint Augustine. When the work had grown in Kent Augustine wrote to Gregory, ‘What am I to do about the British Bishops?’ Gregory replied, ‘All of them have been placed under your authority.’ In saying this Gregory was wrong. Here he was disobeying the law laid down by one of the great Councils of the Universal Church in the past. That law says that no Bishop shall impose his authority over the Bishops of a place if those Bishops were not originally under his authority. Rome had no rights over the Celtic Church and its Bishops which would allow Gregory to bring that Church under the direction of Augustine. Now we see how that Church views Gregory’s statement.
A GIFT TO THE PEOPLE.
In the last edition our pet told of the gift left to the people of New Zealand by Sir John Logan Campbell. This month we learn of the gift of a wealthy Wellington man. This man’s name is T G Macarthy. This man, Macarthy, belonged to the Roman Catholic Church. He was a humble man and assisted all kinds of good projects. He did not like his assistance to good works to be known. Now that he has died the world can see at last from his will his graciousness in helping with good projects. How much money Macarthy had is not known but it is said to be between £500,000 and £800,000. In that will he set aside £189,000 for his family. Half of what remains is for his widow and the other half is for the people of New Zealand, to help schools and to support good projects for the poor. Should his widow die, her proportion will be added to that for the nation. The money he has left to the people is close to a quarter of a million pounds, and on the death of his widow his gift to the people will reach half a million. This money will be administered by trustees. It will remain in the bank and the interest will go to causes decided by the Committee – the schools and projects to help the poor. The Committee named in his will consists of the Governor, the Roman Catholic Archbishop, and the Mayor of Wellington. This is a very gracious gift on the part of this man to the people. It is right to praise such people.
NOTICE OF A CHRISTMAS GATHERING.
This notification is for the South, the North, the tribes, the hapu, the languages, and the gatherings of people. Greetings to you people who take thought for the works of our parents and our ancestors who have passed to the afterlife.
Come to the Ngutuawa of Waiapu, Rangitukia, where we shall celebrate the day of our Lord, 25th December, 1912.
A disaster has come upon the gift of our ancestors, the Poho o Hine-waiapu meeting house. In these days she has been found to be standing where the Government wants to put a road. So these young people have decided to move the gift of the ancestors to a good site. May her call to you be agreeable, and if you do not think about her call, [remember the saying]
He ihu kuri, he tira haere.
A dog’s nose, a travelling party. [cf Nga Pepeha 400]
Come, come, come! Come to lighten the burden that has been laid upon me, the Parish of Waiapu, following your [?patana - ?pattern] of supporting great projects. Come and see the fruits of the [?wai - ?memories, ?sayings] of your ancestor Ruawaipu. From:
Te Rauhuia Tawhiwhi
Tete Korimete
Timi Koria
Hamiora Koria
Peia Koria
Hoani Raroa
Henare Kohere
Kahu Tuhaka
Tieki Rukuata
Panikena Ka
Henare Rukuata
Poihipi M Kohere, Minister of the Parish.
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THE CANOES AND THE FAITH.
A Question.
To the Editor of Te Pipiwharauroa.
Friend, greetings. I have this heart-felt wish. It is like this: are you able to tell those who are still ignorant, first, how many canoes brought our ancestors from Hawaiki and what are the names of those canoes, and second, how long ago did the faith cross to Aotearoa? I put these questions for you to answer and rectify.
From your friend,
Putahi Ritete.
Waiharera,
8th August, 1912.
[The Answer – The Canoes.
There were many canoes, The most famous are these:
Aotea. This canoe landed at Taranaki. The chief on board was Turi. Toto built the canoe. It and Matahorua were built of a single totara.
Te Arawa. It made land at Whangaparaoa. The chiefs were Tamatekapua and Ngatoroirangi.
Kurahaupo. There is uncertainty about where this canoe landed. Different accounts have it making land at Tairawhiti, or also at Whangaparaoa, or at Wharekahika. Rongoueroa was the chief. Some accounts say that his canoe was wrecked at Rangitahua and the people on board were brought to New Zealand on Aotea.
Matatua. This canoe landed at Whakatane. Its chief was Toroa. It is said that this was part of Aotea and not of Matahorua.
Tainui. This made land at Whangaparaoa. The chiefs were Rakataura and Hoturoa. It sailed from Whangaparaoa to Hauraki, was hauled by way of Otahuhu to Manukau, and left at Kawhia. Some accounts say that it did not get to Manukau, but it was carried and returned to Hauraki whence it sailed by sea around the tail of the fish [North Cape] arriving at Manukau and then Kawhia.
Takitimu. It is said that this canoe landed at Tairawhiti and some of the people on board settled where it landed. Eventually this canoe stopped at Murihiku [Southland]. The important youngest child there is called Takitimu. Tamatea and Ruawharo were the chiefs.
Tokomaru. This made landfall at Whangaparaoa but did not stay there. It went from there around the tail of the fish [North Cape] and finally stopped at Tongaporutu, Taranaki. Manaia was chief of this canoe.
Horouta. The accounts of this canoe are confused; some say it is Takitimu. Some stories also say that this canoe arrived before the Great Migration of Arawa and the others. It then returned to fetch kumara. Best says that the people who came on this canoe were black, were known as Ngaitamawhiro, and lived at Matata. The story is like this. Kahukura and Rongoiamo arrived at the pa of Toikairakau. They were fed with fern root. When they expressed their dislike of it, Toi asked, ‘What are the foods of the place the two of you come from?’ They loosened their girdles and the dried kumara fell out. When Toi tasted it he wanted more. He asked, ‘What is that food?’ Kahukura answered, ‘Kumara.’ He was then asked where it came from and answered that it was found in Hawaiki. Toi asked, ’How can I get there?’ Kahukura was looking at the canoe. He indicated it and asked, ‘What is that?’ He was told, ‘It is a canoe.’ Kahukura said, ‘You can fetch the kumara in that.’ That canoe was Horouta. So Horouta returned to Hawaiki to fetch kumara. There are perhaps some remaining elders who can elucidate this story.
These are the names of the important canoes, the canoes of the Great Migration. There are others which are not so well known. Some accounts say that as many as 90 canoes came to New Zealand. These are some of those lesser canoes:
Araiteuru. Associate with Te Waipounamu [the South Island].
Mamari. This canoe came before the Great Migration. It met up with Kupe when Kupe returned. It landed at Hokianga.
Matahorua. This is the canoe of Kupe which came to New Zealand. When he returned he described the land and then the Great Migration came.
Nukutere. This canoe landed at Marahea.
Aratauwhaiti. This canoe came earlier. The chiefs were Tiwhakawhaka and Maku. It made landfall at Whakatane. This was the canoe of Toikairakau.
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Aratawhao. This canoe was built at Whakatane to fetch the kumara.
Mahuhu landed at Kaipara before the Migration.
Nukutere and Mangarara landed at Waiapu.
Ringamatoru and Oturereao landed at Ohiwa.
Pangatoru and Arikimaitai landed in Taranaki.
Ruakaramea, Waipapa, Mamaru, Riukakara, and Moekakara landed in the districts of Ngapuhi.
Knowledgeable people associated with any of these canoes are invited to correct these accounts.
The Faith.
In December 1814, Samuel Marsden and his companions arrived, bringing the faith to New Zealand. On 25th December Marsden preached the first sermon to the Maori of New Zealand. This was the beginning of the growth of the faith. In 1825 the first Maori was baptised. In 1842 the first Bishop of New Zealand, Bishop Selwyn, arrived. In 1853 the first Maori minister was ordained – Rota Waitoa. The faith has been here in New Zealand for 98 years. – Editor.]
SOME MAORI TREASURES IN AUCKLAND.
A total of 61 Maori items are in the Auckland Exhibition, according to the newspapers. They write about two things. One is a greenstone mere. That mere belonged to Apikara of Wharekahika. The other item is a tiki. This also is of greenstone. Its name is Te Maungarongo [The Peacemaker]. The explanatory material says that the tiki belonged to Rangi Purewa, a tohunga from the Whakatu district [Nelson], When Te Rauparaha arrived in that area he and a chief called Pukekohatu were at loggerheads. The outcome of their [?ahua sic] [?confrontation] was that Te Rauparaha carried off one of Pukekohatu’s relations as his slave. Pukekohatu went to Rangi Purewa in search of some way of getting back his relation. Rangi Purewa gave him that tiki telling him to tie it around the neck of his wife’s female slave, and to present that slave and the tiki as payment for his relative. That was how Te Rauparaha got that tiki. How it came into the possession of Te Kooti is not known. From Te Kooti it came to the Pakeha and it now lies in that building in Auckland. If anyone can clarify the stories of these things, do write to our pet, so that we can know whether these stories are right or made up.
FIGHT THE FIGHT.
On Sunday 4th August, Ihaka Te Tai and Hoani Keika, were licensed as lay readers [hunga panui rawiri – people who read the Prayer Book in public], they were made lay representatives for the Kaipara district. Because of the troubles of the Bishop of Auckland it was Mr Hawkins, Archdeacon of Waimate, who presented the licences. This service was held in St Mary’s Church, Parnell. The clergy present were Archdeacon Hawkins, and the Revs Make Wiremu and Hetekia Heke. Hetekia preached. The people in the congregation were the girls of Queen Victoria School and the boys of St Stephen’s School.
The people who have been presented with this licence are the first members of the Committee for providing services to places where there are Maori in Auckland such as prisons, mental asylums, and Orakei and Mangere in Onehunga. The Committee spoken of works under the aegis of the group which is known in Auckland as the Group for the Growth of the Maori People and in the Gisborne area as the Party of the New World.
From the setting up of this group in 1908 they have begun to work at tasks arranged by the Group for them and their helpers at St Stephen’s. Now that their work has been recognised and in some ways made easier, they will be more effective in their work for the Church and for the Group also.
Well, there may be some who say things like, What good is Church work in helping us to learn and to run our land? It has taken a long time, since 1908, for them, in the spirit of the motto of the Group printed above – ‘Fight the fight’, to achieve what they now have. Our hearts’ hope is that this Group will continue to urge the people to consider the object of their group which is to seek ways of ensuring the well-being of the people.
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On Friday, 23rd August, we were notified of the death of Hori Taiaroa at sea. He was returning home from the town of Dunedin by boat. His boat had not been sailing for long when he went to adjust the sail. While he was adjusting the sail his foot slipped and he fell into the sea. He was alone in his boat. His body was found on the Saturday. Hori was a strong swimmer but it is said that perhaps his large shoes had caused cramp.
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TE ARAWA’S CASE for the Lakes and the battle for the authority of the Treaty of Waitangi.
Te Papa-i-Ouru,
Ohinemutu,
Rotorua.
To the tribes, to the hapu, and those of standing who maintain the Maori mana on the marae of Aotearoa and Te Waipounamu, greetings to you all who are the survivors of misfortune, who stand in the place of those of our chiefs who have gone to Paerau [Hades – the afterlife], to the gathering of Te Kahurangi [the Illustrious], to the resting place from which one cannot stir. They have gone, leaving the gift of their ancestors which had been bequeathed to them, that is, the separate Maori mana. That mana was established in the Treaty of Waitangi which provided a place from which one could speak, which enshrined the principles, and which affirmed Maori mana on each marae.
Tribes, this is the basis on which Te Arawa builds its case for Rotorua and all the lakes of Aotearoa as well as Te Waipounamu. Greetings, greeting to you all.
The Explanations.
The news of Te Arawa’s case over its lakes has resounded to every place. But the main reasons for that case have not been published. Well, here are some of the reasons for this proceeding that you should know about. It is not possible to set down a complete explanation of the subject. The documents of the case have been printed and will be laid before the Court of Appeal. There are 54 pages altogether. You should know that there are many aspects of this case.
These few words will clarify for you the aspects of these proceedings.
The Length of the Proceedings. Te Arawa has been engaged in this case for three years.
The Supreme Court. This case came before the Supreme Court. When the Judges saw the weightiness and the very exceptional nature of this case, they requested that it be moved to the Appeal Court to be heard so that many Judges would be able to listen.
The Lawyers. These are the lawyers handling this case.
For the Government: Professor Salmond, Solicitor-General of the New Zealand Government.
For Te Arawa: Messrs Earle & Kent, Auckland, Messrs Chapman, Skerrett, Wyllie & Tripp, Wellington, and Messrs Morrison & Bell, Wellington. The Barristers who are to speak before the Appeal Court are Earle of Auckland and Skerrett and Morrison of Wellington.
The Claim of Te Arawa.
These are some of our lawyers’ contentions:
The land under the water. The land under the waters of Lake Rotorua is land with a native title which has come down to us from our ancestors, and it is one with the land ashore.
That the Court should declare the entitlement. The Maori Land Court has power to ask for the issuing of an Empowering Order from the Court as to the matter of the floor of the lake under the provisions of the ‘Native Land Act, 1909’.
The Water above the Land. Maori retain their separate rights to the water of Rotorua for fishing and travelling, and other purposes on the lame.
The Treaty of Waitangi.
Because the rights [mana] of Maori over their lakes or the land beneath the lakes or the fishing grounds sold or given by them to the Government were not handed over, therefore they are claiming all these places under the provisions and the explanations of the Treaty of Waitangi, and they say that they retain the permanent rights [mana] and the separate rights [mana] to the waters of the lakes and the land under those waters. Many, many roads have been travelled by our lawyers as they have considered this case. Nine ancient documents have been gone through beginning with the letters written under the authority of Queen Victoria to Governor Hobson, and to Governor Fitzroy, before the signing of the Treaty of Waitangi and right up to the present.
The Appeal to England.
Tribes, we have heard the statement from the Government that should their case fail here in New Zealand they will appeal to England. This is to point out to you that if our case fails we will swim the Pacific to get to where we have to be. We know the place we want to get to; it takes the form of the Rokiroki-a-Whakaoterangi [The storehouse of Whakaoterangi, the woman who brought the kumara to New Zealand on board the Arawa canoe].
Tribes, Authorities, not one of is in unaffected by some aspect of this case. [8] When this case is concluded we shall know at last the status of the Treaty of Waitangi. So, tribes, we have sent this message to your marae. If your heart is moved to help, do contribute to the Rokiroki-a-Whakaoterangi. Greetings to you all, and to the survivors of troubles. May God bless, preserve and help us. Best wishes to you all.
From All Te Arawa.
The case is being dealt with and it will be easier for us should you decide to to help us.
Rev P Peneti.
Chairman of Te Arawa Committee.
Taiporutu Mitere.
We are the trustees of the Rokiroki [Storehouse].
THE GOVERNOR.
Last month the New Zealand Government received a request from the English Government that the Governor of New Zealand return to England. He is wanted as a Commissioner to enquire into the activities of the Government of India. This is a very important position and it is thought that the Governor of New Zealand is the right person for it. This is why he received this request from the Mother Government. The English Government has now received Lord Islington’s agreement. In December the Governor will return to England and at the same time the new Governor will arrive. Lord Islington has been Governor of New Zealand since June 1910. He has only served two years but although his time has been short he has been greatly appreciated by all the people, Normally he would have another three years before his service in New Zealand ended.
Lord Islington was a member of Parliament in England when he was there and the breadth and depth of his thinking were apparent. At the time of the Boer War he went to fight, He was ten months in the fighting and gained a medal of honour for what he did in that war. Afterwards he went to India to look at the situation in that land, at areas of strength and of weakness when it came to fighting. He also looked at the running of the Government of that country. He visited America on several occasions as a Commissioner to investigate important issues. Because of Lord Islington’s work as a Commissioner and because he knows the workings of India, he has been chosen to be Chairman of the Commission of Enquiry into the running of the Government of India. He was strongly urged by the Prime Minister of England to undertake this and the Governor agreed. He was not keen to leave New Zealand so soon because he likes the country and its people.
It has been announced that the English Government has chosen Lord Liverpool to be the new Governor of New Zealand.
THE REWARDS OF PITY AND LACK OF PITY.
We have learned from America that Captain Lord, the captain of the California, has been dismissed for his failure to go to the aid of the Titanic at the time of the disaster. Captain Rostron of the Carpathia was overloaded with money and honours. In their great gratitude for the help he gave the Titanic he was given a gift of £100,000. Many cups were presented to him by some of the survivors as gifts from them. The American Government gave him a great medal of honour [the Congressional Gold Medal]. This award is not given without consideration but a bill is first brought to Parliament and if it is passed then the medal is awarded to the person. Captain Rostron is the seventh person to be awarded this Medal. Admiral Dewey, the American hero in their battle against the Spaniards, has not yet received this medal. The Company that owned Titanic gave Captain Rostron £100, and two of his Officers, £50; all the other members of the crew of the Carpathia from the Officers to the seamen received a month’s pay.
When Titanic hit the iceberg, the California was the closest ship. The survivors said that they saw the lights of a ship not far from them. They called for it to help them but it did not change course. In the Court of Enquiry, Lord, the captain of the California, confirmed that he had seen some rockets but he was not keen to come near for fear of the ice. In the Attorney-General’s speech at the conclusion of the Court Enquiry he said that he had diligently searched through the testimonies of the witnesses in Court but was unable [9] to find a single reason to justify the decision of Captain Lord not to go to help the ship in distress – he had not found a single reason. One of the lawyers said that had California gone on full power to the ship calling for help it could have got there safely, and may have been able to save all the people on board. The Judge said that Captain Lord committed a great sin – he violated the first rule of people who go to sea – that is, that a nearby ship uses full power to go to the aid of a ship that has had an accident. Captain Lord was condemned by all the lawyers in the Court of Enquiry, while the Carpathia was praised.
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TAMEHANA WI REPA.
On 23rd of this month the Supreme Court sat to try Tamehana on the charge of murder. Tamehana did not wish to be represented by a lawyer but the Court has the right to impose its rules on him. When the Court proceedings opened some days before, the Judge pointed out to the Lawyers of the Court what the accused wanted and went on to say that it was the wish of the Court that there should be lawyers for all cases dealt with by the Court. He went on to ask if one of them wished to present the case for the accused, but he was not able to say whether or not he would be paid: that matter was for the Justice Department. W P Endean stood and announced that he would present the case.
The Judge: Do you understand the situation as regards being paid?
Endean: I understand. There is no rule about that. I volunteered because I have my own concern that we hold to our code that no-one should be sentenced to death without a fair trial and without help during that trial.
The Judge praised Endean’s statement and gave him the case to handle.
This case did not take long to deal with. Tuhitare, Te Owai, and the Pakeha and some others stood before the Court to tell what they knew of the incident. They told the same story. Tamehana had being drinking whisky with some others immediately before that incident; he and Hamana quarrelled; and while they were fighting he stabbed his younger brother with the knife. After the witnesses had told their stories, Endean, the lawyer for the accused, stood to address the Court and the Jury. He said, ‘The main thing for the Court to consider is the state of mind of Tamehana at the time of the incident: was he or was he not aware of what he was doing? The witnesses have said that the Pakeha brought six bottles of whisky and they drank them. It would seem that Tamehana alone cannot have consumed less than half a bottle, and from the stories it appears that the whisky was consumed straight; it was not diluted. In the statements it was said that the accused had not eaten dinner,nor had he had supper, at the time the incident occurred. In these circumstances the whisky would have had dreadful effects inside him. Therefore, if the Jury decides that his thoughts were befuddled at the time of the incident, the right thing is for them to declare that this crime was one of manslaughter and not murder. For another thing, nowhere in the statements of the speakers was there mention of ill-will between Tamehana and Hamana.’ After his speech, the Judge spoke to the Jury. His remarks were a clarification for them of the law about this crime. He said that they had the right, if they found it clearly to be the case, to declare that the crime was one of manslaughter even though the accused was on trial for murder. ‘The rule laid down by the Court of Appeal is that if it is found that the person was drunk at the time the murder was committed, the crime was not murder but manslaughter, because a person who is drunk lacks the capacity of intention, which is the prime necessity for murder. The lawyer for the accused has asked you to designate this as a crime of manslaughter. That was as far as he went and it was on that that he took his stand. It is the case that a great deal of liquor was drunk at the time of the incident, and I believe that this crime would not have happened had there not been that liquor. One aspect of this incident that the Jury must not forget is that this occurred in the one family. Although the witnesses have said that Tamehana was not drunk, you may decide that there was sufficient liquor there to disorder the thoughts, and that the crime of the accused was committed at a time when his thoughts were confused by whisky, and that it was not something carefully planned beforehand. That would indicate to you that his crime was manslaughter.’
The Jury went to their room to make a decision. After 45 minutes away they emerged with a verdict that the crime was one of manslaughter.
The Judge turned to the accused and said, ‘The Jury has been very easy on your crime. It is not for me to say that their decision is wrong. [10] I must pass a severe sentence upon you. But I do not forget this, that the Jury has ruled out intention in your crime. It was your younger brother whom you killed. I sentence you to seven years in prison. I cannot give a more lenient sentence than that.’
Mr Cooper was the Judge who tried this case.
AN EASY WAY TO GET MONEY WRONGLY.
Two Maori were tried in Auckland for attempting to steal another’s money. Their names are Noka Hukanui and Moumou, Hukanui’s son. The money, £9 1s 7d, belonged to Paopao Patena and was his share in a block he had bought in Waikato. Paopao had not collected the money which the Board was still holding. Hukanui knew about that money and decided that he and his son would go and get it for themselves. Their plan was that Moumou would go to the Board’s Office and tell them that he was Paopao Patena and ask to be given his money that was waiting there. Moumou was not very keen on his father’s idea. The two of them went to the Office. They decided that Hukanui should talk to the clerk of the office while the other said that he was Paopao and wished to collect the money that was waiting for him there. The Board was not happy with their explanation and said that they should get some proof to confirm what they said. Those Maori went. They were gone for a long time and then appeared again with a Pakeha. The rightness of their claim was acknowledged and the money was paid over. Afterwards their deception , their theft, became known. It is not clear how it became known. Perhaps the real Paopao Patena went to the Office and then it was known. The two were followed and found by the policeman who questioned them. When they realised that their theft was found out Hukanui repaid the money. Their crime was referred to the Supreme Court. Their loyal Pakeha was also summonsed for assisting in their theft. Their desire to get the money without shedding any sweat had very serious consequences.
♣♣♣♣♣
Hori Ngatai of Ngaiterangi died on 24th of this month.
OTHER ITEMS
Our pet last month reported the death of Sir John Logan Campbell, the Father of Auckland. On the morning of Sunday, 11th of this month his wife also died. This woman was 77 years of age when she died. She has been very ill since soon after the death of her husband. She was a daughter of Judge Wilson of India. She and Sir John had one child, a daughter, who is a widow. She lives in England. Her husband came from there. Sir John’s house in Auckland was left to his child. The woman’s husband has died and they have no children. The money left by Sir John to his wife has now been incorporated in the amount left to the nation.
At the beginning of this month, the Honourable Doctor Pomare presented a petition from Ngati Tuwharetoa concerning their land. It asks that it be swiftly processed by the Court. There are one hundred and thirty-two names on that petition. The petition says that they have an interest in one million acres of land at Taupo. They want the Government to appoint a judge to work for a year on the Taupo cases. The tasks will not be completed by the Court if there is only one sitting a year.
On Wednesday 28th of this month the Opposition held a meeting. The purpose was to set up a Committee to run the Opposition. The Committee chosen by the meeting was Sir Timi Kara, and Messrs MacDonald, Russell, Witty, and Hanan. Two members were appointed to ensure that the Opposition remains united. They are known in the House as Whips. Apirana Ngata is the Whip for the North Island and Forbes for the South Island. These two are responsible for gathering together the members of their side so that they are in agreement on the occasions when it is known that there is to be a vote on an important matter in the House. This Committee was set up because there is no leader of the Opposition now that Mackenzie has been appointed Commissioner, and Ward does not wish to take his place. As the right person has not been found to head up the Opposition, the Executive Committee has been appointed to ensure that the group remains united. The party is pleased with this Committee and say that there is no dissension within the Opposition now – their unity is firmly established.
[11]
NEWS OF TURKEY.
On 11th of this month there was a major earthquake in Turkey. It is said that the epicentre of that earthquake was at sea in the narrow strait that links the sea to some small inland waters. The name of that place is the Dardanelles. There are two large towns beside that sea. These towns suffered badly in the earthquake. All the houses were destroyed; there was not a single house that was not at least partially damaged. All the people of those towns and of smaller nearby towns are living without shelter, food or water. The number of people who died is not known but the accounts say that there were very many. Those now known to have died number 3,600.
An expert in these matters says that this is a time when earthquakes happen because of the relationship of the moon and the sun to the earth. He thinks that there will be a major earthquake like this one or larger even in Mexico, America. There may be some smaller earthquakes in New Zealand.
The unrest amongst the smaller national groups living under the rule of Turkey is increasing. On 7th of this month there was an uprising in Kochana, a town in Northern Macedonia. Bombs – that is, something like dynamite – was thrown by some Muslims into a crowded place. The people of that place are Christians. It is said that 50 Christians were killed and 200 injured, but it is thought that they are unlikely to live. The explosion of the bombs triggered terrible fighting. Everyone rose up again their neighbour like animals. The Christians of Bulgaria are those who suffered the most losses to the Muslims. Bulgaria is very angry at Turkey for this outrage. Turkey is being urged to find quickly the source of the trouble and to punish the perpetrators. Turkey has said that it will quickly investigate the matter. If Turkey does not comply with its request that the perpetrators be punished, Bulgaria may declare war against Turkey. This is one of the smaller countries under the rule of Turkey. One of those small countries, Montenegro, has risen up and is attacking Turkey, but the conflict is not being called a war by the whole population. They have just begun their operations. They have captured three Turkish forts. A company of Turks entered that country and were defeated. Efforts are under way to make peace between them, but there are many difficulties. Outside powers have called upon them to settle that trouble.
The people of Albania, another country under Turkish rule, are unsettled. They asked for the suspension of the Government of Turkey and for a new Government to be set up. If that did not happen they were start a new war. Turkey is giving consideration to suspending its Government. That Government has not yet been suspended and they are still at loggerheads. Now the Albanians are lacking food. Indications are that 50,000 are without food. What the outcome of this will be is not known. If they do not get food they may turn to crime to survive.
The war between Turkey and Italy continues but we have no news of any large battles. In one small battle of 8th the Arabs were defeated by the Italians: it is said that some 200 Arabs were killed or wounded. Now there is talk of making peace and the most recent news is that the two sides are moving tentatively towards making peace. However they have been engaged in a major conflict in recent days. They fought for one whole day. Altogether 6 Italians were killed and 80 were wounded. The Arab casualties are not known but accounts speak of a large number, and they were defeated in that battle.
BEST WISHES TO HOROUTA.
To the Editor of Te Pipiwharauroa.
My friend, greetings. My friend, I have seen the account of the meeting of the Horouta Council in Te Pipi Number 170. I greatly approve of this important treasure of Horouta, its first child to be born as the fruit of its battle to abolish liquor. Congratulations to my relation, Paratene Ngata, Chairman of Horouta, and to all the members. Well, my friends, I would like this child of Horouta, which is said to be 10,000. If this has been fully subscribed then increase the number of shares. If this is done then I would like ten shares if the Horouta Committee is willing; if not, that is alright. Best wishes, Horouta.
From your friend,
H Te Raharaha.
Matamata Harakeke,
Cabbage Bay.
[12] CALENDAR : SEPTEMBER 1912
Day 11 ● 3h 19m p.m. Day 26 o 11h 4m p.m.
1 S Thirteenth Sunday after Trinity
Morning Evening
2 Kings 5 2 Kings 6.1-24
1 Corinthians 11.1-17 Mark 5.1-21
2 M
3 T
4 W
5 Th
6 F Fast
7 S
8 S Fourteenth Sunday after Trinity
2 Kings 9 2 Kings 10.1-32
1 Corinthians 16 Mark 9.2-30
9 M
10 T
11 W
12 Th
13 F Fast
14 S
15 S Fifteenth Sunday after Trinity Use the Ember Week Collect
every day this week.
2 Kings 18 2 Kings 19
2 Corinthians 7.2-16 Mark 12.35 – 13.14
16 M
17 T
18 W Ember Day Fast
19 Th
20 F Ember Day Vigil, Fast
21 S Matthew, Apostle Ember Day
Athanasian Creed Fast
1 Kings 19.1-15 1 Chronicles 29.1-20
2 Corinthians 12.14 & 13 Mark 15.42 & 16
22 S Sixteenth Sunday after Trinity
2 Chronicles 36 Nehemiah 1 – 2.9
Galatians 1 Luke 1.1-26
23 M
24 T
25 W
26 Th
27 F Fast
28 S
29 S Seventeenth Sunday after Trinity
Michael & All Angels.
Genesis 32 Daniel 10
Jeremiah 5 Jeremiah 22
Acts 12.5-18 Revelation 14.1-14
30 M
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